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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Value Orientated and Resistance Culture in the Modernist Poetry of the Post-Sacred Defense Era from 1991 to 2011
        علی  ترحمی Ali  Eshghi Abolghasem AmirAhmadi
        Although the roots of Resistance literature in Iran return to pre-Islamic era, the contemporary works are not comparable with the previous era in terms of the plurality, quality and the audience attention. The sacred defense poetry is one of the value orientated and res More
        Although the roots of Resistance literature in Iran return to pre-Islamic era, the contemporary works are not comparable with the previous era in terms of the plurality, quality and the audience attention. The sacred defense poetry is one of the value orientated and resistance works produced in this period and afterwards. Therefore, the current paper aims at analyzing the value orientated and resistance culture in the modernist poetry of the post-sacred defense era from 1991 to 2011. Following the conceptual explanation of the research subject, the paper addresses the value orientated and resistance culture in the modernist poetry of the post-sacred defense era. This is a descriptive-analytical paper, given the thematic documents. Data was collected using library sources. The findings indicate that, firstly, the post-war conditions seem to have led the poets to combine templates and poetic themes to promote the value orientation and resistance culture. Secondly, post-war literature should be taken into account as the period of rehabilitation and flourishing of the resistance literature, which manifests itself in the documents of the sacred defense, and can be regarded as the source of inspiration and the motive of resistance and the prevalence of value orientation cultural. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - A Review on Peaceful Approach of Prescribing Jihad in Islam
        hamidreza hanan
        Nominating Islam as brutality is among the most important accusations and it is the axis for numerous objections have been and are related to Islam. One of the positions intruduced as brutal and was the aim for many objections was Islamic prescription and legitimacy of More
        Nominating Islam as brutality is among the most important accusations and it is the axis for numerous objections have been and are related to Islam. One of the positions intruduced as brutal and was the aim for many objections was Islamic prescription and legitimacy of jihad. A look upon the peacefulness of Islam in terms of its opposit position in friendly human rights which is regarded as the pillar for powers' belicosity and attention to establishment of religious legislation based on defense, and on the contrary, prescribing the initiation of war in humane conflicts, and also preserving the message of peace and friendship and advising it even toward the non-Muslims, along with the role of unifying the sects and tribes are among the reasons which prove the invalidity of the mentioned objections. The present survey, through descriptive-analytical method and enlightenment of Islamic peaceful positions, tries to show tjat Jihad is legitimated within the reasonable frame of defense and it is prescribed within borders without which preserving and progress of human life is not possible Manuscript profile